COREQ
COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research - Checklist
This is a checklist of 32 elements that should be included in qualitative research reports.
Before submitting their manuscript, authors should use this checklist to ensure that they include all the necessary information. It is recommended that each criterion be carefully reviewed and noted on which page of the manuscript it is reported (or if it does not apply to the research being presented). Developed from: Tong Allison; Sainsbury Peter; & Craig J Jonathan (2007). Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19(6), 349-357. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzm042 (p.352)
Nº |
Item |
Guide questions/Description |
Reported |
Domain 1: Research team and reflexivity |
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Personal characteristics |
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1 |
Interviewer/facilitator |
Which author/s conducted the interview or focus group? |
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2 |
Credentials |
What were the researcher’s credentials? E.g. PhD, MD |
|
3 |
Occupation |
What was their occupation at the time of the study? |
|
4 |
Gender |
Was the researcher male or female? |
|
5 |
Experience and training |
What experience or training did the researcher have? |
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Relationship with participants |
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6 |
Relationship established |
Was a relationship established prior to study commencement? |
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7 |
Participant knowledge of the interviewer |
What did the participants know about the researcher? e.g. personal goals, reasons for doing the research |
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8 |
Interviewer characteristics |
What characteristics were reported about the inter viewer/facilitator? e.g. Bias, assumptions, reasons and interests in the research topic |
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Domain 2: Study design |
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Theoretical framework |
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9 |
Methodological orientation and Theory |
What methodological orientation was stated to underpin the study? e.g. grounded theory, discourse analysis, ethnography, phenomenology, content analysis |
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Participant selection |
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10 |
Sampling |
How were participants selected? e.g. purposive, convenience, consecutive, snowball |
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11 |
Method of approach |
How were participants approached? e.g. face-to-face, telephone, mail, email |
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12 |
Sample size |
How many participants were in the study? |
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13 |
Non-participation |
How many people refused to participate or dropped out? Reasons? |
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Setting |
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14 |
Setting of data collection |
Where was the data collected? e.g. home, clinic, workplace |
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15 |
Presence of non- participants |
Was anyone else present besides the participants and researchers? |
|
16 |
Description of sample |
What are the important characteristics of the sample? e.g. demographic data, date |
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Data collection |
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17 |
Interview guide |
Were questions, prompts, guides provided by the authors? Was it pilot tested? |
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18 |
Repeat interviews |
Were repeat inter views carried out? If yes, how many? |
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19 |
Audio/visual recording |
Did the research use audio or visual recording to collect the data? |
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20 |
Field notes |
Were field notes made during and/or after the inter view or focus group? |
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21 |
Duration |
What was the duration of the inter views or focus group? |
|
22 |
Data saturation |
Was data saturation discussed? |
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23 |
Transcripts returned |
Were transcripts returned to participants for comment and/or correction? |
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Domain 3: analysis and findings |
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Data analysis |
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24 |
Number of data coders |
How many data coders coded the data? |
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25 |
Description of the coding tree |
Did authors provide a description of the coding tree? |
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26 |
Derivation of themes |
Were themes identified in advance or derived from the data? |
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27 |
Software |
What software, if applicable, was used to manage the data? |
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28 |
Participant checking |
Did participants provide feedback on the findings? |
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Reporting |
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29 |
Quotations presented |
Were participant quotations presented to illustrate the themes/findings? Was each quotation identified? e.g. participant number |
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30 |
Data and findings consistent |
Was there consistency between the data presented and the findings? |
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31 |
Clarity of major themes |
Were major themes clearly presented in the findings? |
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32 |
Clarity of minor themes |
Is there a description of diverse cases or discussion of minor themes? |