Impacto do acoso escolar direto e indireto na saúde mental de estudantes universitários no México
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https://doi.org/10.17979/reipe.2026.13.1.12675Resumo
Este estudo analisou a relação entre a vitimização por bullying escolar (direta, indireta e mista) e a saúde mental em estudantes universitários mexicanos. Participaram 271 estudantes, que foram avaliados em relação a bullying escolar, depressão, ansiedade, stress e consumo problemático de substâncias. Os resultados mostraram que as formas indiretas de bullying (exclusão social, fofocas/rumores) eram mais frequentes do que as diretas, e que a exclusão social era maior entre os homens. A vitimização mista foi associada a níveis mais elevados de depressão, ansiedade e stress, enquanto a vitimização direta ou indireta, separadamente, não mostrou associações consistentes com outras variáveis. Também foram observadas maiores prevalências de ansiedade em estudantes de instituições públicas e naqueles que se identificaram como LGBTQ+. No consumo problemático de substâncias, não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos de vitimização; no entanto, pertencer à comunidade LGBTQ+ duplicou esse risco. Além disso, evidenciou-se um claro padrão dose-resposta: quanto maior o número de episódios de violência, maiores os níveis de depressão, ansiedade e stress, efeito que se manteve ao controlar covariáveis. Em conclusão, o acúmulo de violência, especialmente a coexistência de agressões diretas e indiretas, constitui o principal risco para a saúde mental na universidade. Isso destaca a necessidade de intervenções que abordem a frequência e a simultaneidade das experiências de vitimização.
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