Factors influencing gross motor skills in children with visual impairment: a literature review
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Abstract
Children with visual impairment have delays in motor development. Intervention and motor stimulation since early childhood can attenuate motor deficits and contribute to a more active lifestyle. The aim of this research is to identify and analyze the existing bibliography on factors that can influence the development of gross motor skills in boys and girls from 0 to12 years old with visual impairment or blindness. To do this, a search was carried out in three reference databases (PubMed, Scopus and Sportdiscus), following the guidelines of the PRISMA declaration for reviews. Out of the 130 articles selected in the review of the topic, 18 were included for the qualitative analysis. The evidence found can be related to three blocks of results: 1) the degree of vision has an influence in the acquisition of gross motor skills, 2) receiving feedback works favorably for people with visual impairments, in the achievement of these skills, as it reduces the gap with normo-sighted people and 3) the level of motor competence and the practice of physical activity are directly linked to a steadily active lifestyle. A negative relationship was found between visual impairment and gross motor development, which contributes to generating inactive lifestyles among this population. The use of feedback mechanisms, an early assessment of motor development and interventions adapted from infancy, could improve the situation.
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