Análisis del rendimiento en jóvenes nadadores tras un entrenamiento de alto volumen de 12 semanas
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Las prácticas tradicionales de entrenamiento en natación suelen implicar volúmenes de trabajo elevados. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto de un programa de entrenamiento de 12 semanas de alto volumen y baja intensidad en el rendimiento deportivo de jóvenes nadadores que participan en competiciones oficiales, comparando los resultados obtenidos según las diferentes categorías de edad y por sexo. Un total de 144 nadadores menores de edad (68 hombres y 76 mujeres) participaron en este estudio. Se comenzó con un volumen inicial de 3.750-7.500 metros semanales según la categoría, aumentando un 5% por mesociclo. La intensidad se controló mediante el tiempo inicial para el estilo libre (65-75%) y la frecuencia cardiaca máxima en el resto de estilos (60-70%). Se registraron mejoras significativas en los tiempos de todas las categorías a lo largo de la intervención. Todas las categorías mejoraron las marcas pre-post (tanto considerando toda la muestra, como análisis diferenciado por sexo), sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en las mejoras entre categorías. En conclusión, un entrenamiento de alto volumen de 12 ha demostrado tener efectos positivos en el rendimiento de los niños y adolescentes que compiten en natación, siendo más notables en las edades más tempranas. Aunque se registraron mejoras en ambos sexos al dividirlos por categorías, estas fueron más pronunciadas en las mujeres.
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