Influencia do turismo na identidade social e sentido de pertenza: unha revisión sistemática baseada no método SALSA
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O turismo transforma comunidades, afecta a identidade social e o sentido de pertenza, que facilita os conflitos sociais, a xentrificación e a dilución do capital social, especialmente naqueles destinos con escasas oportunidades de desenvolvemento económico. Os atractivos turísticos poden actuar como catalizadores de oportunidades para xerar beneficios locais e fortalecer a identidade comunitaria, aínda que o mercado prioriza os aspectos económicos estimulando o individualismo, a diferenciación e recomposición comunitaria. O propósito da investigación foi analizar as variables vinculadas ao sentido de pertenza en comunidades turísticas. Realizouse unha revisión exhaustiva da literatura guiada polo marco SALSA. Para garantir a calidade e relevancia da información, seleccionáronse revistas científicas considerando o índice de SCImago Journal Rank ≥ 2.0 entre o 2018 e 2022. Analizáronse 63 artigos científicos que cumpriron os criterios de inclusión e identificáronse variables por medio da análise temática. Como resultados, os estudos abordaron principalmente o sentido de pertenza en destinos turísticos desde as perspectivas dos residentes; as variables máis frecuentes son 1) metaestereotipos, 2) percepción socioeconómica, 3) benestar local, 4) desarraigamento, 4) mestura emocional, 5) empoderamento, 6) eventos, 7) responsabilidade patrimonial e 8) significación social. Os resultados servirán para o desenvolvemento de normativas públicas para xestionar adecuadamente os conflitos en destinos turísticos, relacionados á identidade comunitaria.
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