Influencia del turismo en la identidad social y sentido de pertenencia: una revisión sistemática basada en el método SALSA
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El turismo transforma comunidades, afecta la identidad social y el sentido de pertenencia, que facilita los conflictos sociales, la gentrificación y la dilución del capital social, especialmente en aquellos destinos con escasas oportunidades de desarrollo económico. Los atractivos turísticos pueden actuar como catalizadores de oportunidades para generar beneficios locales y fortalecer la identidad comunitaria, aunque el mercado prioriza los aspectos económicos estimulando el individualismo, la diferenciación y recomposición comunitaria. El propósito de la investigación fue analizar las variables vinculadas al sentido de pertenencia en comunidades turísticas. Se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura guiada por el marco SALSA. Para garantizar la calidad y relevancia de la información, se seleccionaron revistas científicas considerando el índice de SCImago Journal Rank ≥ 2.0 entre el 2018 y 2022. Se analizaron 63 artículos científicos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y se identificaron variables por medio del análisis temático. Como resultados, los estudios han abordado principalmente el sentido de pertenencia en destinos turísticos desde las perspectivas de los residentes; las variables más frecuentes son 1) metaestereotipos, 2) percepción socioeconómica, 3) bienestar local, 4) desarraigo, 4) mezcla emocional, 5) empoderamiento, 6) eventos, 7) responsabilidad patrimonial y 8) significación social. Los resultados servirán para el desarrollo de normativas públicas para gestionar adecuadamente los conflictos en destinos turísticos, relacionados a la identidad comunitaria.
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