Influence of tourism on social identity and sense of belonging: a systematic review based on SALSA
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Tourism transforms communities and affects social identity and sense of belonging, leading to social conflict, gentrification and the dilution of social capital, especially in destinations with limited opportunities for economic development. While tourist attractions can act as catalysts of opportunities to generate benefits for local communities and strengthen community identity, the market prioritises economic aspects by stimulating individualism, differentiation and community recomposition. The purpose of this research is to analyse the variables of social identity and sense of belonging in tourist destination communities. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the SALSA framework. To ensure the quality and relevance of the information, scientific journals were selected based on the SCImago Journal Rank index ≥ 2.0 between 2018 and 2022. The study analysed 63 scientific articles that met the inclusion criteria and variables were identified using thematic analysis, focusing on sense of belonging in tourist destinations from the perspective of residents. The most frequent variables are: 1) meta-stereotypes, 2) socioeconomic perception, 3) local well-being, 4) uprooting, 4) emotional mix, 5) empowerment, 6) events, 7) heritage responsibility, and 8) social significance. The results will help to design public regulations to manage conflicts related to community identity in tourist destinations.
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