Effects of Physical Education programs on motor, cognitive, social, emotional development and the health of children from 0 to 6 years old. A systematic review
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The benefits of Physical Education in childhood and adolescence have been addressed by multiple researchers. However, in childhood, the stage from 0 to 6 years, there are few studies that address the study of the effects produced by structured Physical Education programs. The main objective of this work is to carry out a systematic review on the main research works that addressed the effects of Physical Education programs on the motor, cognitive, social, affective-emotional development and health of children from 0 to 6 years old. The PRISMA protocol has been followed, using a total of 5 international and national databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Sport Discus, Psycinfo and Dialnet). A total of 1,370 potential articles were obtained, of which 30 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All of them are empirical studies carried out in different countries. The results confirm a greater number of scientific evidences focused on the area of cognitive development, followed by the motor sphere. Several studies have also been found that address improvements in children's health, the social, affective and emotional sphere. The need to implement more structured Physical Education programs in the 0 to 6-year-old stage is concluded, in order to favor the development of different areas of children and improve their health. In no study were negative effects on its development found. For this reason, educational administrations are invited to incorporate a greater number of hours of Physical Education in Early Childhood Education.
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