Efectos del déficit bilateral sobre el salto y sentadilla trasera en futbolistas universitarios
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En el deporte, más concretamente en el fútbol, el déficit bilateral (DBL) tiene efecto sobre el rendimiento físico y la prevención de lesiones. El déficit bilateral puede cambiar los patrones de movimiento, lo que lleva a una mala técnica y a la pérdida de potencia, velocidad y precisión en los jugadores de fútbol. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar los efectos del DBL en el salto contra movimiento (CMJ) y el rendimiento de la sentadilla trasera con el máximo peso en una repetición máxima (1RM). En total, 40 jugadores de fútbol participaron en este estudio y realizaron CMJ bilaterales y unilaterales y sentadillas traseras 1RM. Se clasificaron en tres grupos en función de su nivel de DBL, que se calculó a partir de la diferencia entre la altura bilateral de CMJ y la suma de las dos alturas unilaterales de CMJ. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos en las variables tiempo de vuelo (p=.001), altura de salto (p=.001), y potencia (p=.003), así como las diferencias entre piernas según el nivel de déficit en la altura del CMJ de una sola pierna (tanto derecha como izquierda) y doble pierna. También se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el DBL y la potencia mecánica en la sentadilla trasera (F=7.373, p= .04, η²=0.285). En conclusión, un DBL alto se asocia con un menor rendimiento en variables del salto como tiempo de vuelo, altura y potencia, así como una menor potencia generada en la sentadilla trasera.
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