Nostalgia in the entertainment industry: the case of Pokémon Go and The Little Mermaid
Main Article Content
Abstract
Nostalgia-based marketing strategies have garnered significant attention in recent times owing to their ability to evoke deep emotions and influence consumer behaviour. However, the success of nostalgia-based marketing is not a foregone conclusion. The effectiveness of nostalgia depends on the characteristics of the product and the target audience. This study uses qualitative research to explore the boundaries of strong nostalgia-triggered feelings in two different entertainment products: the 2015 video game Pokémon Go and Disney’s 2023 remake of The Little Mermaid. Interpretative analysis revealed two key concepts that are crucial to understanding target audience attitudes and behaviour: habituation and changes in the core features of the original product. A delicate, nuanced balance is required between respect for the essence of the original nostalgic product and the introduction of innovations to prevent habituation. This balance is crucial in order to preserve the core features that lead to the formation of personal and collective childhood memories.
Keywords:
Downloads
Article Details
References
APA Dictionary of Psychology (2018). Nostalgia definition entry. https://dictionary.apa.org/nostalgia
Baker, S. M., and Kennedy, P. F. (1994). Death by nostalgia: a diagnostic of context-specific-cases. Advances in Consumer Research, 21(1), 169-174. https://www.tcrwebsite.org/volumes/7580/volumes/v21/NA-21
Barauskaitė, D., and Gineikienė, J. (2017). Nostalgia May Not Work for Everyone: the Case of Innovative Consumers. Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, 8(1), 33-43. https://doi.org/10.15388/omee.2017.8.1.14195
Baudrillard, J. (1994). The Precession of Simulacra. University of Michigan Press.
Behler, A. M. C., Cairo, A., Green, J. D. and Hall, C. (2021). Making America Great Again? National Nostalgia's Effect on Outgroup Perceptions. Frontiers in psychology, 12, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.555667
Belk, R. W. (1990), The role of possessions in constructing and maintaining a sense of past. Advances in Consumer Research, 17(1), 669-676. https://www.tcrwebsite.org/volumes/7083/volumes/v17/NA-17
Bowman, N. D., and Wulf, T. (2023). Nostalgia in video games. Current opinion in psychology, 49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101544
Businessofapps (2024). https://www.businessofapps.com/data/pokemon-go-statistics/
Cleveland Clinic (2022). https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22581-dopamine
Collider (2023). 'The Little Mermaid' Live-Action Remake: Budget Breakdown. Collider.
Crunchbase (2023). NianticLabs entry in Crunchbase.
https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/nianticlabs
D23 (2023). List of Disney Films. https://d23.com/list-of-disney-films/
Dijksterhuis, A., and Smith, P. J. (2002). Affective habituation: Subliminal exposure to extreme stimuli decreases their extremity. Emotion, 2(3), 203-214. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.2.3.203
Disney (2024). La Sirenita. https://www.disney.es/peliculas/la-sirenita
Gajjar, N. (2013). Factors Affecting Consumer Behaviour. International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(2).
https://www.raijmr.com/ijrhs/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/IJRHS_2013_vol01_issue_02_02.pdf
Hallman, C. (2023). The 25 Highest-Grossing Media Franchises of All Time. https://www.titlemax.com/discovery-center/money-finance/the-25-highest-grossing-media-franchises-of-all-time/#:~:text=Pok%C3%A9mon%20was%20created%20in%201996,nearly%20%244%20billion%20a%20year
Harborth, D., and Pape, S. (2019). How nostalgic feelings impact Pokémon Go players – integrating childhood brand nostalgia into the technology acceptance theory. Behaviour & Information Technology, 39, 1276-1296. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2019.1662486
Haspel, A. (1974). De la nostalgie (Paris: G. Masson, Libraire de l’Academie de Medecine,1874).
Hofer, J. (1934). Medical dissertation on nostalgia. Bulletin of the Institute of the History of Medicine, 2 (6), 376-391.
Holbrook, M. B., and Schindler, R. M. (1996). Market segmentation based on age and attitude toward the past: Concepts, methods, and findings concerning nostalgic influences on customer tastes. Journal of Business Research, 37(1), 27-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(96)00023-9
Juhl, J., and Biskas, M. (2023). Nostalgia: An impactful social emotion. Current opinion in psychology, 49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101545
Juslin, P. N. and Västfjäll, D. (2008). Emotional responses to music: the need to consider underlying mechanisms. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 31(5), 559-621. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X08005293
Lammers J. (2023). Collective nostalgia and political ideology. Current opinion in psychology, 52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101607
Lasaleta, J. D., Werle, C. O. C., and Yamim, A. P. (2021). Nostalgia makes people eat healthier. Appetite, 162, 105187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105187
Layous, K., and Kurtz, J. L. (2023). Nostalgia: A potential pathway to greater well-being. Current opinion in psychology, 49, 101548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101548
Makai, P. K. (2018). Video games as objects and vehicles of nostalgia. Humanities, 7(4), 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/h7040123
Martinovic, B., Jetten, J., Smeekes, A., and Verkuyten, M. (2018). Collective memory of a dissolved country: Group-based nostalgia and guilt assignment as predictors of interethnic relations between diaspora groups from former Yugoslavia. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 5(2), 588-607. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v5i2.733
Natterer, K. (2014). How and why to measure personal and historical nostalgic responses through entertainment media. International Journal on Media Management, 16(3-4), 161-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/14241277.2014.989567
Oba, K., Noriuchi, M., Atomi, T., Moriguchi, Y., and Kikuchi, Y. (2016). Memory and reward systems coproduce 'nostalgic' experiences in the brain. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 11(7), 1069-1077. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsv073
Orazi & Van Laer (2022, July 18). How ‘Stranger Things’ is fueling an obsession with the 1980s - and why this nostalgia is unique. https://www.fastcompany.com/90768747/how-stranger-things-is-fueling-an-obsession-with-the-1980s-and-why-this-nostalgia-is-so-unique
Pandelaere, M., Millet, K., and Van den Bergh, B. (2010). Madonna or Don McLean? The effect of order of exposure on relative liking. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 20(4), 441–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2010.07.003
Pichierri, M. (2023). Nostalgia marketing and consumer behavior. In Nostalgia Marketing. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham., pp. 1-57. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20914-7_1
Pokémon Go Revenue and Usage Statistics (2023) - Business of Apps. (2023). Business of Apps. https://www.businessofapps.com/data/pokemon-go-statistics/
Pokemongolive (2024). https://www.pokemongolive.com/
Rana, S., Raut, S. K., Prashar, S. and Hamid, A. B. A. (2020). Promoting through Consumer Nostalgia: A Conceptual Framework and Future Research Agenda. Journal of Promotion Management, 27(2), 211-249. https://doi.org/10.1080/10496491.2020.1829773
Rana, S., Raut, S. K., Prashar, S., and Quttainah, M. A. (2022). The transversal of nostalgia from psychology to marketing: what does it portend for future research? International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 30(4), 899-932. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-03-2020-2097
Ryynänen, T., and Heinonen, V. (2017). From nostalgia for the recent past and beyond: The temporal frames of recalled consumption experiences. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 42(1), 186–194. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12398
Sedikides, C., and Wildschut, T. (2023). Nostalgia as motivation. Current opinion in psychology, 49, 101537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101537
Shaw, S. D., and Bagozzi, R. P. (2017). The neuropsychology of consumer behavior and marketing. Consumer Psychology Review, 1(1), 22-40. https://doi.org/10.1002/arcp.1006
Shields, A. B., and Johnson, J. W. (2016). Childhood brand nostalgia: A new conceptualization and scale development. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 15(4), 359-369. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1578
Shin, H., and Parker, J. (2017). Exploring the elements of consumer nostalgia in retailing: Evidence from a content analysis of retailer collages. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 35, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.11.003
Shoard, C. (2023, June 1). The Little Mermaid subjected to ‘review bombing’ with mass negative reactions posted by bots. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2023/jun/01/the-little-mermaid-subjected-to-review-bombing-with-mass-negative-reactions-posted-by-bots
The Walt Disney Company (2022). Disney Ranks High on Fortune’s 2022 List of “World’s Most Admired Companies” - The Walt Disney Company. The Walt Disney Company. https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/disney-ranks-high-on-fortunes-2022-list-of-worlds-most-admired-companies/
van Tilburg, W. A. P., Sedikides, C., and Wildschut, T. (2018). Adverse Weather Evokes Nostalgia. Personality & social psychology bulletin, 44(7), 984–995. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167218756030
Watkins, L., Gage, R., Smith, M., McKerchar, C., Aitken, R., and Signal, L. (2022). An objective assessment of children's exposure to brand marketing in New Zealand (Kids'Cam): a cross-sectional study. The Lancet. Planetary health, 6(2), e132–e138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00290-4
Weingarten, E., and Wei, Z. (2023). Nostalgia and consumer behavior. Current opinion in psychology, 49, 101555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101555
Worley, W. (2016). Pokemon Go: Video shows moment rare Vaporeon appears in Central Park and all hell breaks loose. The Independent.
Yang, Z., Izuma, K., and Cai, H. (2023). Nostalgia in the brain. Current opinion in psychology, 49, 101523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101523
Zhang, X., Zhang, X., and Yu, X. (2023). Behavioral Intention of Repeated Watching and Personality Traits: Testing Mediation Model of Nostalgia Arousal and Social Connectedness. Psychology research and behavior management, 16, 483-495. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S391130
Zhang, Y. (2022). Variety-Seeking Behavior in Consumption: A Literature Review and Future Research Directions. Front. Psychol., 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.874444
Ziickert, J. F. (1768). Von den leidenschczften, 2te aufl. Berlin.