Percepción de los parámetros del sonido en alumnado con discapacidad auditiva e implante coclear: revisión de evidencias y propuestas de educación musical inclusiva
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https://doi.org/10.17979/digilec.2026.13.13519Resumen
El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer el estado del arte sobre la percepción de parámetros y elementos musicales (altura/melodía, duración/ritmo, timbre e intensidad/dinámica) en niños y niñas con sordera neurosensorial e implante coclear y proponer criterios de intervención pedagógicos multimodales inclusivos que integren perspectivas audiológicas, lingüístico-evolutivas y socioculturales de los Deaf Studies. Para ello se ha realizado un análisis documental de las aportaciones más relevantes sobre la percepción de la música en personas con sordera, no solo de aquellas que establecen la fundamentación teórica de la temática, sino de las investigaciones realizadas en los últimos años que evidencian los hallazgos más recientes. Los resultados muestran un mejor desempeño relativo en tareas rítmicas/duración frente a mayores dificultades en la discriminación tonal, el reconocimiento del timbre y la percepción de variaciones de intensidad. Igualmente, se observan tendencias de mejora asociadas a la exposición musical temprana y a programas de entrenamiento auditivo estructurado. Por otra parte, se constata la relevancia de las apps vibrotáctiles para la aprehensión de cada uno de los parámetros debido principalmente a la inclusión de luces LED sincronizadas y a componentes de gamificación que las hacen más lúdicas para el alumnado de corta edad. Los estudios analizados respaldan la necesidad de diseñar prácticas educativas multimodales que combinen ritmo, vibración y apoyos visuales, favoreciendo el desarrollo musical desde un enfoque inclusivo. Igualmente, se propone integrar modelos bilingües-biculturales y estrategias de accesibilidad sonora para garantizar la participación plena del alumnado sordo en experiencias musicales significativas.
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