El efecto de las vacaciones de verano sobre la composición corporal y la fuerza muscular respiratoria en nadadores púberes
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Los cambios en la rutina diaria y la disminución de la actividad física durante el periodo de vacaciones de verano, suelen provocar un aumento de peso corporal en los niños en edad escolar. Sin embargo, no se ha investigado a fondo el impacto de las vacaciones de verano en la composición corporal de los niños deportistas. El presente estudio tenía como objetivo identificar los posibles cambios en la composición corporal y la fuerza muscular respiratoria tras unas vacaciones de verano de 8 semanas en nadadores jovenes. Dieciocho niñas y quince niños de 10 a 13 años (media de 11.6±1.0) participaron en el estudio . Las mediciones se realizaron en junio y se repitieron en septiembre del mismo año. Se evaluó la composición corporal con un analizador InBody 720 y la fuerza muscular respiratoria con un dispositivo MicroRPM. Se realizó una prueba de crol frontal de cincuenta metros para inducir la fatiga de los músculos respiratorios. Todos los parámetros de composición corporal analizados, es decir, la masa corporal, el índice de masa corporal, el tejido y los componentes musculares, aumentaron sustancialmente tras el descanso estival (p<0.05). No se detectaron cambios significativos en la presión inspiratoria máxima (MIP) ni en la presión espiratoria máxima (MEP) tanto en los chicos como en las chicas después del periodo de desentrenamiento (p>0.05). Se puede concluir que las vacaciones de verano de 8 semanas tuvieron un efecto sobre los parámetros de composición corporal en los nadadores juveniles, pero no se observó ningún efecto sobre su fuerza muscular respiratoria. Se necesitan estudios con un mayor número de participantes que practiquen diversas actividades deportivas para comprender mejor el efecto de las vacaciones de verano en los parámetros antropomórficos y respiratorios de los deportistas juveniles.
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