Efectos del Entrenamiento de Fuerza Pediátrico sobre parámetros de salud en niños: una revisión sistemática
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La inactividad física, cada vez más frecuente entre los niños y las niñas, está asociada a diferentes problemas de salud, entre ellos, la dinapenia pediátrica, caracterizada por bajos niveles de aptitud muscular. Esto suscita la necesidad de implantar programas de Entrenamiento de Fuerza Pediátrico (EFP) para mejorar la salud en esta población. Este trabajo tiene como principal objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática sobre las principales investigaciones que abordaron los efectos de un programa de EFP sobre diferentes parámetros de salud en niños y niñas de 6 a 13 años. Se ha seguido el protocolo PRISMA utilizándose 5 bases de datos (Web of Science, Scopus, Sportdiscus, PubMed y ERIC). Los resultados obtuvieron un total de 587 artículos, de los cuales 13 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Tras el análisis de los 13 artículos, los resultados muestran que el efecto de las intervenciones de EFP en niños mostró mejoras sustanciales en diferentes parámetros antropométricos (composición corporal, IMC, circunferencia de la cintura y densidad mineral ósea), y en menor medida en variables fisiológicas (presión arterial y perfil lipídico) y psicológicas (autoconcepto y autoestima). Se concluye que los programas de EFP parecen establecerse como un tratamiento no farmacológico adecuado para mejorar determinados parámetros de salud antropométricos, precisando más investigación para determinar el efecto sobre variables fisiológicas y psicológicas.
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