Entrelazando: a resiliencia comunitaria e o desenvolvemento do turismo comunitario en Valdivia na provincia de Santa Elena-Ecuador
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Contido principal do artigo
- Myriam Sarabia Molina
- Rosa Iñiguez Apolo
- Raquel Santiago Romo
Resumo
Os sistemas turísticos están impulsados polos recursos turísticos de cada destino e teñen unha clara orientación ao mercado. Este foco no marketing descoida as necesidades da comunidade local, cuxo principal obxectivo é manter a calidade de vida dos seus membros. No que se refire ao turismo de base, este conflito de intereses é aínda máis agudo debido ao impacto potencial nas comunidades cando o turismo se establece como modelo económico primario ou secundario. Neste contexto, a resiliencia comunitaria pode ser un factor decisivo para minimizar os efectos negativos do desenvolvemento turístico.
Este artigo analiza a resiliencia comunitaria no desenvolvemento do turismo en Valdivia (Ecuador) co fin de valorar o seu papel no turismo comunitario. O estudo utiliza un marco de indicadores de planificación e organización que combina turismo e resiliencia comunitaria. A metodoloxía do estudo de caso céntrase en nove tipos de acción comunitaria (xestión, calidade do servizo, plan de acción, mercadotecnia, desenvolvemento de produtos, razóns, causas, oportunidades e obxectivos) en relación con cinco tipos de capital comunitario que fortalecen a capacidade dunha comunidade en tempos de convulsións. ou crise: humana, social, natural, física, financeira e psicolóxica. O estudo utiliza un enfoque dedutivo baseado en técnicas mixtas (cuantitativas e cualitativas) e traballo de campo.
A análise centrouse nos nove tipos de actuacións realizadas pola comunidade valdiviana a través do capital comunitario e as súas implicacións en relación coa resiliencia da comunidade. Os resultados constataron que o desenvolvemento turístico ten un impacto negativo en varios tipos de accións comunitarias. Para remediar isto, o estudo propón un marco de xestión para un cambio de paradigma no modelo de desenvolvemento turístico para abordar as necesidades organizativas e de planificación da comunidade, e cambios prácticos de políticas a longo prazo para o desenvolvemento e planificación do turismo baseado na comunidade. Finalmente, o artigo destaca a necesidade dunha investigación máis profunda para recoller evidencias empíricas sobre escenarios de mellora tanto nas economías en desenvolvemento como nas establecidas. Cómpre sinalar que o desenvolvemento do turismo comunitario viuse perturbado pola pandemia de COVID-19, especialmente nas comunidades rurais.
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