Contenido principal del artículo

  • Myriam Sarabia Molina
  • Rosa Iñiguez Apolo
  • Raquel Santiago Romo
Myriam Sarabia Molina
Ecuador
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6402-5982
Rosa Iñiguez Apolo
Ecuador
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-3735
Raquel Santiago Romo
España
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5419-5742
Vol. 17 Núm. 1 (2023), Artículos, Páginas 76-99
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17979/rotur.2023.17.1.9276
Recibido: sept. 2, 2022 Aceptado: ene. 15, 2023 Publicado: feb. 1, 2023
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Resumen

Los sistemas turísticos están impulsados por los recursos turísticos de cada destino y tienen una clara orientación al mercado. Este enfoque de marketing descuida las necesidades de la comunidad local, cuyo principal objetivo es mantener la calidad de vida de sus miembros. En términos de turismo comunitario, este conflicto de intereses es aún más agudo debido al impacto potencial en las comunidades cuando el turismo se establece como un modelo económico primario o secundario. En este contexto, la resiliencia comunitaria puede ser un factor decisivo para minimizar los efectos negativos del desarrollo turístico.
Este artículo examina la resiliencia comunitaria en el desarrollo del turismo en Valdivia (Ecuador) con el fin de evaluar su papel en el turismo comunitario. El estudio utiliza un marco de planificación e indicadores organizacionales que combina el turismo y la resiliencia comunitaria. La metodología del estudio de caso se enfoca en nueve tipos de acción comunitaria (gestión, calidad del servicio, plan de acción, mercadeo, desarrollo de productos, razones, causas, oportunidades y objetivos) en relación con cinco tipos de capital comunitario que fortalecen la capacidad de una comunidad en tiempos de conmoción. o crisis: humana, social, natural, física, financiera y psicológica. El estudio utiliza un enfoque deductivo basado en técnicas mixtas (cuantitativas y cualitativas) y trabajo de campo.
El análisis se centró en los nueve tipos de acciones que realiza la comunidad de Valdivia a través del capital comunitario y sus implicaciones en relación a la resiliencia de la comunidad. Los resultados encontraron que el desarrollo turístico tiene un impacto negativo en varios tipos de acciones comunitarias. Para remediar esto, el estudio propone un marco de gestión para un cambio de paradigma en el modelo de desarrollo turístico para abordar las necesidades organizativas y de planificación de la comunidad, y cambios prácticos de política a largo plazo para el desarrollo y la planificación del turismo basado en la comunidad. Finalmente, el artículo destaca la necesidad de una investigación más profunda para recopilar evidencia empírica sobre los escenarios de mejora tanto en las economías en desarrollo como en las establecidas. Cabe señalar que el desarrollo del turismo comunitario se ha visto interrumpido por la pandemia de COVID-19, particularmente en las comunidades rurales.

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