Explorando as dinámicas do emprendemento no turismo ecuatoriano: Unha análise integral de nivel educativo e motivacións culturais
Barra lateral do artigo
Contido principal do artigo
Resumo
A literatura resalta a importancia de comprender a relación entre nivel educativo, motivacións culturais e emprendemento turístico. Este estudo explora a relación entre o nivel educativo, as motivacións culturais e o emprendemento turístico en Manabí, Ecuador. Mediante enquisas a emprendedores e técnicas de análise estatística multivariante, identificáronse dúas agrupacións industriais: “Emprendedor-Cultura” e “Emprendedor-Traballo”. O primeiro, integrado por emprendedores con educación superior e motivacións culturais arraigadas, mostra maior estabilidade empresarial e capacidade de xeración de emprego. En contraste, a segunda agrupación industrial está composto por emprendedores con menores niveis educativos e motivados principalmente pola necesidade económica, enfrontando maiores desafíos estruturais e unha menor consolidación dos seus negocios. Os resultados destacan a necesidade de deseñar políticas diferenciadas que fortalezan as capacidades empresariais desde un enfoque cultural e reduzan a vulnerabilidade económica, promovendo ecosistemas emprendedores sostibles. Esta análise contribúe ao debate sobre as dinámicas do emprendemento en contextos turísticos e expón estratexias para impulsar o desenvolvemento socioeconómico en Ecuador.
Palabras clave:
Descargas
Métricas
Detalles do artigo
Citas
Abu Bakar, Abdul Rahim, Ahmad, Syed Zamberi, Wright, Norman., & Skoko, Hazbo (2017). The propensity to business startup: Evidence from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 9(3), 263–285. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-11-2016-0049 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-11-2016-0049
Alfonso, Rodney, Garcia, Nicolás, & Rodríguez, Alisis (2017). Promoción Turística Basada en una herramienta Web para el cantón Bolívar, Ecuador. Revista ECA Sinergia. Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y Económicas. U.T.M., 8(1), 61–74. http://revistas.utm.edu.ec/index.php/ECASinergia/article/view/785 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33936/eca_sinergia.v8i1.785
Almeida, Antonio, & Garrod, Brian (2024). Drivers and inhibitors of entrepreneurship in Europe’s Outermost Regions: Implications for entrepreneurship education. International Journal of Management Education, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2024.100975 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2024.100975
Audretsch, David, Mason, Colin, Miles, Morgan P., & O’Connor, Allan (2021). Time and the dynamics of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 33(1–2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2020.1734257 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2020.1734257
Barreiro, Rosario, López, Selena, & Garcia, Nelson (2024). Propuesta de indicadores de competitividad turística en el desarrollo de emprendimientos de la zona norte de Manabí, Ecuador. Kalpana, 26(julio-2024), 17–94. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382140566
Barrero, Juan Pablo, Delgado-García, José B., & Pérez-Fernández, Héctor (2024). Training entrepreneurs in culturally diverse countries. Influence of Social Norms on Entrepreneurial Intention. International Journal of Management Education, 22(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2024.101059 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2024.101059
Blenker, Poul, Dreisler, Poul, Faergemann, Henrik M., & Kjeldsen, Jens (2008). A framework for developing entrepreneurship education in a university context. International Journal Entrepreneurship Education in a University Context, 5(1), 45–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2008.015953
Bravo, Idilia Fernanda, Bravo, María Ximena, Preciado, Joffre Danny, & Mendoza, Mariana (2021). Educación para el emprendimiento y la intención de emprender. Revista Economía y Política, 118–138. http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/pdf/rep/n33/2477-9075-rep-33-00139.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.25097/rep.n33.2021.08
Brush, Candida, Ali, Asim, Kelley, Donna, & Greene, Patricia. (2017). The influence of human capital factors and context on women’s entrepreneurship: Which matters more? Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 8(April), 105–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2017.08.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2017.08.001
Carballo, Roberto, Fraiz, José Antonio, Araíjo, Noelia, & Rivo, Elena (2016). Segmentación del mercado de un destino turístico de interior. El caso de A Ribeira Sacra (Ourense). PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 14(2), 369–383. https://doi.org/10.25145/J.PASOS.2016.14.024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2016.14.024
Carpenter, Alex, & Wilson, Rachel (2022). A systematic review looking at the effect of entrepreneurship education on higher education student. International Journal of Management Education, 20(2), 100541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100541 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100541
Clemente, José Serafín, Roig, Bernat, Valencia, Sara, rabadán, María Teresa y Martínez, Cristina (2008). Actitud hacia la gastronomía local de los turistas: dimensiones y segmentación de mercado. PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 6(2), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2008.06.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2008.06.015
Duan, Carson, Sandhu, Kamaljeet, & Kotey, Bernice (2021). Understanding immigrant entrepreneurship: a home-country entrepreneurial ecosystem perspective. New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, 24(1), 2–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/NEJE-05-2020-0013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/NEJE-05-2020-0013
Feola, Rosangela, Crudele, Chiara & Celenta, Ricky (2024). Developing cross-cultural competence in entrepreneurship education: What is the role of the university. International Journal of Management Education, 22(3), 101055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2024.101055 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2024.101055
Fuentelsaz, Lucio, González, Consuelo, Maícas, Juan Pedro, & Montero, Javier (2015). How different formal institutions affect opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 18(4), 246–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2015.02.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2015.02.001
García-González, Abel, & Ramírez-Montoya, María Soledad (2021). Social entrepreneurship education: changemaker training at the university. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 11(5), 1236–1251. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-01-2021-0009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-01-2021-0009
García-Rodríguez, Francisco Javier, Gil-Soto, Esperanza, Ruiz-Rosa, Inés, & Gutiérrez-Taño, Desiderio (2017). Entrepreneurial potential in less innovative regions: the impact of social and cultural environment. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 26(2), 163–179. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-07-2017-010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-07-2017-010
Garcia, Nelson. (2022). Desarrollo territorial sostenible del turismo en Manabí, Ecuador. Modelos y estrategias [Universidad de Alicante]. https://rua.ua.es/dspace/handle/10045/133318
Garcia, Nelson (2024). La innovación del modelo de negocio sostenible en los emprendimientos turísticos ecuatorianos: una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Región y Sociedad, 36(e1855). https://doi.org/10.22198/rys2024/36/1855 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22198/rys2024/36/1855
Garcia, Nelson (2025). Medición de competitividad en ecosistemas emprendedores del turismo: modelo, metodología y herramienta de evaluación. Reflexiones, 104(2), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.15517/rr.v104i2.61419
GEM ECUADOR (2020). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Ecuador 2019/2020. ESPAE, Escuela de Negocios de La ESPOL. https://www.espae.edu.ec/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/GEM_Ecuador_2019.pdf
Gobierno Provincial Manabí (2015). Plan de Desarrollo y Ordenamiento Territorial Manabí 2015 - 2024 provincia del Milenio, 1–310. http://app.sni.gob.ec/sni-link/sni/PORTAL_SNI/data_sigad_plus/sigadplusdocumentofinal/1360000120001_PDyOT_Manabi_actualizado_31-10-2016_último_29-12-2016_09-46-27.pdf
Gorgievski, Marjan J., Stephan, Ute, Laguna, Manuel, & Moriano, Juan Antonio (2018). Predicting Entrepreneurial Career Intentions: Values and the Theory of Planned Behavior. Journal of Career Assessment, 26(3), 457–475. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072717714541 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072717714541
Halaby, Charles N. (2003). Where job values come from: Family and schooling background, cognitive ability, and gender. American Sociological Review, 68(2), 251–278. https://doi.org/10.2307/1519768 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240306800204
Hayton, James, & Cacciotti, Gabriella (2014). Culture and entrepreneurship: Empirical evidence for direct and indirect effects. In Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship: What We Know and What We Need to Know (Issue 2002). https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857936929.00014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9780857936929.00014
Hayton, James, George, Gerard, & Zahra, Shaker A. (2002). National culture and entrepreneurship: A review of behavioral research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(4), 33–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225870202600403 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/104225870202600403
Hoffmann, Anders, Junge, Martin, & Malchow-Møller, Nikolaj (2015). Running in the family: parental role models in entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 44(1), 79–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-014-9586-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-014-9586-0
Hofstede, Geert (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1014
Hogendoorn, Bram, Rud, Iryna, Groot, Wim, & Maassen van den Brink, Henriëtte (2019). The Effects of Human Capital Interventions on Entrepreneurial Performance in Industrialized Countries. Journal of Economic Surveys, 33(3), 798–826. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12308 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12308
Hsu, Dan, Burmeister-Lamp, Katrin, Simmons, Sharon A., Foo, Maw Der, Hong, Michelle & Pipes, Jesse (2019). “I know I can, but I don’t fit”: Perceived fit, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(2), 311–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.08.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.08.004
Huang, Yan, Oppewal, Harmen, & Mavondo, Felix (2013). The influence of ethnic attributes on ethnic consumer choice of service outlet. European Journal of Marketing, 47(5), 877–898. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090561311306930 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03090561311306930
INEC (2020). Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo (ENEMDU). Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos. http://indicadores.igualdad.gob.ec/DatosIndicadores-41-7-98
Intriago, María Marcelina, Vélez, Anita Maribel, & Garcia, Nelson (2021). Producto Agroturístico en el aprovechamiento del potencial de los espacios rurales: cantón Chone. Revista Internacional de Gestión, Innovación y Sostenibilidad Turística, 1(1), 59–64. https://revistasespam.espam.edu.ec/index.php/rigistur/article/view/258
Jie, Shuijing & Harms, Rainer (2017). Cross‐Cultural Competences and International Entrepreneurial Intention: A Study on Entrepreneurship Education. Education Research International, 2017(1). https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9042132 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9042132
Jiménez, Alfredo, Palmero-Cámara, Carmen, González-Santos, María Josefa, González-Bernal, Jerónimo & Jiménez-Eguizábal, Juan Alfredo (2015). The impact of educational levels on formal and informal entrepreneurship. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 18(3), 204–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2015.02.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2015.02.002
Krueger, Norris F., Reilly, Michael D., & Carsrud, Alan L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5), 411–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0
Kusio, Tomasz, & Fiore, Mariantonietta (2020). The perception of entrepreneurship culture by internal university stakeholders. European Business Review, 32(3), 443–457. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-05-2019-0087 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-05-2019-0087
Levie, Jonathan, & Autio, Erkko. (2008). A theoretical grounding and test of the GEM model. Small Business Economics, 31(3), 235–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-008-9136-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-008-9136-8
Levine, Ross, & Rubinstein, Yona. (2016). Smart and Illicit: Who Becomes an Entrepreneur and Do They Earn More? The Quarterly Journal of Economics Advance Access, July, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw044 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw044
Lin, Michel, Sharma, Amit, Pan, Bing, & Quadri-Felitti, Donna (2023). Information asymmetry in the innovation adoption decision of tourism and hospitality SMEs in emerging markets: A mixed-method analysis. Tourism Management, 99, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104793 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104793
López, Ángeles, Vázquez, Paula & Muñoz, Nieves (2006). Estudio de la actividad emprendedora en España mediante un análisis de conglomerados. Esic Market, 124, 145–172. https://investigacion.usc.es/documentos/5d1df6c329995204f76777f5
Mars, Matthew M., & Ginter, Mary Beth (2012). Academic Innovation and Autonomy: An Exploration of Entrepreneurship Education Within American Community Colleges and the Academic Capitalist Context. Community College Review, 40(1), 75–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091552111436209 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0091552111436209
Martínez-Martínez, Sofía Louise (2022). Entrepreneurship as a multidisciplinary phenomenon: culture and individual perceptions in business creation. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 35(4), 537–565. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARLA-02-2021-0041 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ARLA-02-2021-0041
MINTUR (2021). Visualizador de Información Turística. Indicadores Económicos en Turismo. Ministerio de Turismo del Ecuador. https://servicios.turismo.gob.ec/turismo-en-cifras/visualizador-competitividad/
Omri, Anis (2020). Formal versus informal entrepreneurship in emerging economies: The roles of governance and the financial sector. Journal of Business Research, 108(April 2019), 277–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.027 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.027
Omri, Anis, & Afi, Hatem (2020). How can entrepreneurship and educational capital lead to environmental sustainability? Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 54, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2020.03.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2020.03.007
Postigo, Álvaro, García-Cueto, Eduardo, Muñiz, José, González-Nuevo, Carlos, & Cuesta, Marcelino (2023). Measurement invariance of entrepreneurial personality in relation to sex, age, and self-employment. Current Psychology, 42(4), 3160–3170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01685-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01685-9
Ramírez-Montoya, María Soledad, Casillas-Muñoz, Fidel, Tariq, Rasikh, Álvarez-Icaza, Inés & Portuguez-Castro, May (2024). Reimagining the future through the co-creation of social entrepreneurship in higher education: a multivariate prediction model approach. Kybernetes, 54(16), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-07-2024-1924 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/K-07-2024-1924
Ratten, Vanessa, & Usmanij, Petrus (2021). Entrepreneurship education: Time for a change in research direction? International Journal of Management Education, 19(1), 100367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100367 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100367
Reynolds, Paul, Bygrave, William, Autio, Erkko, Cox, Larry, & Hay, Michael (2002). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2002 Executive Report. Babson College, London Business School and Kauffman Foundation. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1977.0409
Rocha, Raysa Gonçalves, Paço, Arminda do, & Alves, Helena (2024). Entrepreneurship education for non-business students: A social learning perspective. International Journal of Management Education, 22(2), 100974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2024.100974 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2024.100974
Salati, Gustavo Hermínio, Sadao, Edson & Pedro, Matheus (2018). Effects of Entrepreneurial Characteristics and University Environment on Entrepreneurial Intention. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 22(2), 226–248. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2018170133 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac2018170133
Saoula , Oussama, Shamim, Amjad , Ahmad, Munawar Javed & Abid, Muhammad Farrukh (2023). Do entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial motivation, and family support enhance entrepreneurial intention? The mediating role of entrepreneurial education. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 17(1), 20–45. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-06-2022-0055 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-06-2022-0055
Schmidt, Serje & Bohnenberger, Maria Cristina (2009). Perfil Empreendedor e Desempenho Organizacional. Entrepreneurial Profile and Organizational Performance. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 13(3), 450–467. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-65552009000300007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-65552009000300007
SENPLADES (2017). Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2017-2021-Toda una Vida. Secretaría Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo de Ecuador. http://www.planificacion.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2017/10/PNBV-26-OCT-FINAL_0K.compressed1.pdf
Shakeel, Muhammad, Yaokuang, Luo, & Gohar, Ali (2020). Identifying the Entrepreneurial Success Factors and the Performance of Women-Owned Businesses in Pakistan: The Moderating Role of National Culture. SAGE Open, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020919520 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020919520
Soria-Barreto, Karla, Zuniga-Jara, Sergio & Ruiz-Campo, Sofía (2016). Educación e intención emprendedora en estudiantes universitarios: Un caso de estudio. Formacion Universitaria, 9(1), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-50062016000100004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-50062016000100004
Thomassen, Mette Lindahl, Williams Middleton, Karen, Ramsgaard, Michael Breum, Neergaard, Helle, & Warren, Lorraine. (2020). Conceptualizing context in entrepreneurship education: a literature review. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 26(5), 863–886. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-04-2018-0258 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-04-2018-0258
Triyono, Mochamad Bruri, Mutohhari, Farid, Kholifah, Nur, Nurtanto, Muhammad Nurtanto, Subakti, Hani, & Prasetya, Kiftian Hady (2023). Examining the Mediating-Moderating Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Digital Competence on Entrepreneurial Intention in Vocational Education. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 15(1), 116–127. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2023.15.01.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2023.15.01.011
Valenzuela-Keller, Andrés Alejandro, Gálvez-Gamboa, Francisco Antonio, Contreras, Daniel Rodrigo, & Parraguez, Felipe (2021). Análisis del perfil emprendedor para la formación de las nuevas generaciones de jóvenes chilenos. Información Tecnológica, 32(1), 209–216. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-07642021000100209 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-07642021000100209
Vegetti, Federico & Adascalitei, Dragos (2017). The impact of the economic crisis on latent and early entrepreneurship in Europe. The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 13(4), 1289–1314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0456-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0456-5
Vladasel, Theodor, Lindquist, Matthew J., Sol, Joeri, & van Praag, Mirjam (2021). On the origins of entrepreneurship: Evidence from sibling correlations. Journal of Business Venturing, 36(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2020.106017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2020.106017
Walter, Sascha G., Parboteeah, K. Praveen, & Walter, Achim (2013). University departments and self-employment intentions of business students: A cross-level analysis. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 37(2), 175–200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00460.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00460.x