Análisis regional del mercado peer-to-peer de alojamientos turístico en España durante la pandemia
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- Beatriz Benítez-Aurioles
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El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar los efectos que, a nivel regional, ha tenido la pandemia relacionada con la COVID-19 en el mercado peer-to-peer (p2p) de alojamientos turísticos en España. Nos basaremos en los datos que publica el INE a partir de la información suministrada por plataformas digitales que operan en dicho mercado. La técnica utilizada será el análisis shift-share que, en nuestro caso, consistirá en la descomposición del decremento que han experimentado las pernoctaciones en 2020, respecto a 2019, en las distintas Comunidades Autónomas españolas. Los resultados confirman que las pernoctaciones disminuyeron en primer año de la pandemia casi un 60 % en el mercado p2p en España con un impacto desigual a nivel regional. Aunque en todas las Comunidades Autónomas disminuyó el número de pernoctaciones las diferencias son apreciables. Asimismo, en todas las Comunidades ha aumentado el peso que representan las pernoctaciones de los residentes en España respecto al total, lo cual es compatible con la hipótesis de que los turistas españoles han sustituido sus viajes al extranjero por los realizados dentro del país. Por otro lado, la especialización en determinados mercados emisores no ha tenido influencia en la capacidad de una región para decrecer menos en ese mercado que la media nacional, es decir, no existe, con carácter general, una relación entre especialización y ventaja competitiva. No obstante, Galicia, Cantabria y Madrid sí han decrecido menos que la media nacional en los mercados en los que estaban especializadas y más en los que no estaban especializadas.
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