Factores asociados a la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y acceso al ejercicio en estudiantes universitarios de Jujuy
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https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2026.12.2.13125Resumen
La actividad física regular presenta efectos ampliamente documentados sobre la salud; sin embargo, su práctica sostenida durante la etapa universitaria puede verse condicionada por diversas barreras. El objetivo fue analizar la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (AFC), su relación con el nivel de actividad física (AF) y las barreras percibidas para la práctica de ejercicio físico en estudiantes de nivel superior de Jujuy (Argentina). Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal en 41 estudiantes (20 varones y 21 mujeres; 24,59 ± 5,56 años). La AFC se estimó mediante el test Course Navette de 20 m y el VO2max se calculó con la ecuación de Léger. El nivel de AF se evaluó con el IPAQ y las barreras mediante el ABPEF. El VO2max promedio fue 34,72 ± 5,82 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹, con valores significativamente mayores en varones (38,15 ± 4,70) que en mujeres (31,46 ± 4,88; p = 0,001). El 75,6% presentó nivel de AF alto y el 21,9% moderado. El ANOVA mostró efecto principal del sexo sobre el VO2max (F(1,36)=13,28; p = 0,001; ηp² = 0,269), sin diferencias según nivel de AF (p=0,149). Se observó correlación inversa entre IMC y VO2max (ρ = -0,59; p<0,01). La principal barrera fue obligaciones/falta de tiempo (4,37 ± 0,21), y las mujeres puntuaron más alto en imagen corporal/ansiedad física social (p = 0,024). En conclusión, el VO2max se asoció con el sexo y el IMC, pero no con la AF autorreportada. Las obligaciones académicas emergen como barrera central para la práctica sostenida de ejercicio.
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