Impacto de la nutrición en la calidad de vida y rendimiento de para-atletas: revisión sistemática
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https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2026.12.1.12546Resumen
La nutrición es un componente fundamental en la calidad de vida y rendimiento de los deportistas con discapacidad, ya que afecta directamente su estado nutricional, composición corporal y capacidad física. Esta revisión sistemática buscó examinar cómo la nutrición deportiva influye tanto en la calidad de vida como en el rendimiento de este grupo de atletas. Se emplearon las directrices PRISMA 2020 a través de búsquedas en las bases de datos Scopus (n = 81), Web of Science (n = 144) y Science Direct (n = 76), utilizando operadores booleanos y criterios de elegibilidad definidos a través de PICO. Después de la selección, 18 investigaciones cumplieron con los indicadores establecidos y se realizó una evaluación crítica mediante la herramienta JBI para estudios observacionales. Los hallazgos revelaron deficiencias comunes en la ingesta de carbohidratos, vitaminas y minerales, así como variaciones según género, edad y tipo de deporte, además de un uso irregular de suplementos nutricionales. También se identificaron factores fisiológicos, socioculturales y de apoyo nutricional que afectan la adherencia a la dieta y la disponibilidad de energía, impactando en el rendimiento y la composición corporal. Estos resultados subrayan la necesidad de intervenciones nutricionales personalizadas, educación especializada y un monitoreo constante para mejorar el bienestar integral y desempeño de los para-atletas. La revisión ofrece información valiosa para entrenadores, nutricionistas y responsables de políticas deportivas, destacando que una planificación nutricional adecuada es una estrategia esencial para mejorar la eficiencia deportiva y calidad de vida de los para-atletas.
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