Main Article Content

Kirth Teodosio
Aklan State University
Philippines
Joseph Lobo
Bulacan State University
Philippines
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2553-467X
Jem Cloyd Tanucan
INTI International University
Malaysia
Teejay Panganiban
Batangas State University TNEU
Philippines
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0229-0458
Rolito Imperial
Cebu Technological University
Philippines
Jumel Miller
Central Luzon State University
Philippines
Glenn Bello
Magsaysay College
Philippines
Shiela Morales
Pampanga State Agricultural University
Philippines
Odinell Cuyugan
Pampanga State Agricultural University
Philippines
Cailvin Reyes
Don Honorio Ventura State University
Philippines
Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026), Original papers, pages 1-21

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2026.12.1.11620
Submitted: 2025-01-15 Published: 2026-01-01
Copyright How to Cite

Abstract

Understanding the psychological drivers of student engagement is essential in advancing educational outcomes, particularly in Physical Education in the higher education. This study explored the interconnection between curiosity and study engagement among students enrolled in PE and related disciplines across various Philippine universities. Adopting a quantitative research design, responses were gathered from 1,273 students using validated instruments that assessed two dimensions of curiosity (stretching and embracing) and three components of study engagement (vigor, dedication, and absorption). Statistical analysis using Spearman’s rho revealed a significant and positive relationship between curiosity and engagement, indicating that students who exhibit greater curiosity also demonstrate higher levels of academic engagement. Notably, both dimensions of curiosity were strongly correlated with all facets of engagement. These findings highlight the reciprocal nature of curiosity and engagement, suggesting that when learners are encouraged to explore, question, and embrace new experiences, they become more energized, committed, and immersed in their academic tasks. This underscores the potential of curiosity as a catalyst for enhancing motivation and persistence in PE learning environments. The results emphasize the need for educators to create pedagogical approaches that nurture curiosity and support meaningful engagement. Additionally, the study contributes to the broader discourse on student-centered learning by positioning curiosity not merely as a trait but as a powerful enabler of sustained academic involvement. Future investigations may benefit from exploring these relationships over time or in varying educational contexts to further illuminate the mechanisms underlying student engagement in PE.

Article Details

References

Amerstorfer, C. M., & Freiin von Münster-Kistner, C. (2021). Student perceptions of academic engagement and student-teacher relationships in problem-based learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.713057

Anderson, E. C., Carleton, R. N., Diefenbach, M., & Han, P. K. J. (2019). The Relationship Between Uncertainty and Affect. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02504

Archambault, I., Pascal, S., Olivier, E., Dupéré, V., Janosz, M., Parent, S., & Pagani, L. S. (2022). Examining the contribution of student anxiety and opposition-defiance to the internal dynamics of affective, Cognitive and Behavioural Engagement in Math. Learning and Instruction, 79, 101593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2022.101593

Arnone, M. P., Small, R. V., Chauncey, S. A., & McKenna, H. P. (2011). Curiosity, interest and engagement in technology-pervasive learning environments: a new research agenda. Educational Technology Research and Development, 59(2), 181–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-011-9190-9

Aslan, S., Fastrich, G., Donnellan, E., Jones, D. J. W., & Murayama, K. (2021). People’s naïve belief about curiosity and interest: A qualitative study. PLOS ONE, 16(9), e0256632. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256632

Bergdahl, N., Bond, M., Sjöberg, J., Dougherty, M., & Oxley, E. (2024). Unpacking student engagement in higher education learning analytics: a systematic review. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 21(1), 63. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-024-00493-y

Bhardwaj, P. (2019). Types of sampling in research. Journal of the Practice of Cardiovascular Sciences, 5(3), 157. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpcs.jpcs_62_19

Bjerknes, A.-L., Wilhelmsen, T., & Foyn-Bruun, E. (2024). A Systematic Review of Curiosity and Wonder in Natural Science and Early Childhood Education Research. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 38(1), 50–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2023.2192249

Carmona-Halty, M. A., Schaufeli, W. B., & Salanova, M. (2019). The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students (UWES–9S): Factorial Validity, Reliability, and Measurement Invariance in a Chilean Sample of Undergraduate University Students. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01017

Charkhabi, M., Khalezov, E., Kotova, T., S Baker, J., Dutheil, F., & Arsalidou, M. (2019). School engagement of children in early grades: Psychometric, and gender comparisons. PLOS ONE, 14(11), e0225542. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225542

Cortés-Denia, D., Isoard-Gautheur, S., Lopez-Zafra, E., & Pulido-Martos, M. (2022). Effects of vigor at work and weekly physical activity on job stress and mental health. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 16025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19966-z

da Fonseca, I. B., Santos, G., & Santos, M. A. (2023). School engagement, school climate and youth externalizing behaviors: direct and indirect effects of parenting practices. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04567-4

Dacillo, M. J. F., Dizon, J. K. M., Ong, E. J. T., Pingol, A. M. L., & Cleofas, J. V. (2022). Videoconferencing fatigue and online student engagement among Filipino senior high school students: A mixed methods study. Frontiers in Education, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.973049

de Toro, X., Saracostti, M., Lara, L., Miranda, H., & Miranda-Zapata, E. (2023). School engagement profiles in Chilean secondary students. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1088089

Demirbatır, R. E. (2020). Comparison of burnout, vigor and education satisfaction of music and art majors in department of fine arts education. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 9(3), 478. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v9i3.20548

Dubey, R., Griffiths, T. L., & Lombrozo, T. (2022). If it’s important, then I’m curious: Increasing perceived usefulness stimulates curiosity. Cognition, 226, 105193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105193

Ernst, J., & Burcak, F. (2019). Young Children’s Contributions to Sustainability: The Influence of Nature Play on Curiosity, Executive Function Skills, Creative Thinking, and Resilience. Sustainability, 11(15), 4212. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154212

Evans, N. S., Burke, R., Vitiello, V., Zumbrunn, S., & Jirout, J. J. (2023). Curiosity in classrooms: An examination of curiosity promotion and suppression in preschool math and science classrooms. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 49, 101333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101333

Frey, B. B. (2018). Convenience Sampling. In The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781506326139.n155

Hulme, E., Green, D. T., & Ladd, K. S. (2013). Fostering Student Engagement by Cultivating Curiosity. New Directions for Student Services, 2013(143), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/ss.20060

Jaya, L. H. S., & Ariyanto, E. (2021). The Effect of Vigor, Dedication and Absorption on the Employee Performance of PT Garuda Indonesia Cargo. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 6(4), 311–316. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.4.1006

Jirout, J., & Klahr, D. (2012). Children’s scientific curiosity: In search of an operational definition of an elusive concept. Developmental Review, 32(2), 125–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2012.04.002

Karcher, E. L., Koltes, D., Wenner, B., & Wells, J. (2022). Sparking curiosity and engagement through online curriculum. Poultry Science, 101(2), 101577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101577

Kashdan, T. B., Gallagher, M. W., Silvia, P. J., Winterstein, B. P., Breen, W. E., Terhar, D., & Steger, M. F. (2009). The curiosity and exploration inventory-II: Development, factor structure, and psychometrics. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(6), 987–998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2009.04.011

Kassab, S. E., Al-Eraky, M., El-Sayed, W., Hamdy, H., & Schmidt, H. (2023). Measurement of student engagement in health professions education: a review of literature. BMC Medical Education, 23(1), 354. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04344-8

Kidd, C., & Hayden, B. Y. (2015). The Psychology and Neuroscience of Curiosity. Neuron, 88(3), 449–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.010

Li, H. (2023). Perceived teacher-student relationship and growth mindset as predictors of student engagement in foreign student engagement in foreign language learning: the mediating role of foreign language enjoyment. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1177223

Listau, K., Christensen, M., & Innstrand, S. T. (2017). Work Engagement: A Double-Edged Sword? A Study of the Relationship between Work Engagement and the Work-Home Interaction Using the ARK Research Platform. Scandinavian Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 2(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.16993/sjwop.20

Liu, F., Gai, X., Xu, L., Wu, X., & Wang, H. (2021). School Engagement and Context: A Multilevel Analysis of Adolescents in 31 Provincial-Level Regions in China. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(October). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.724819

Lobo, J. (2024). The role of Curiosity to Study Engagement of Students in Gymnastics: Extrapolating Reciprocity. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 16(1), 77–91. https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.16.1.77-91

Løvoll, H. S., Røysamb, E., & Vittersø, J. (2017). Experiences matter: Positive emotions facilitate intrinsic motivation. Cogent Psychology, 4(1), 1340083. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2017.1340083

Mahama, I. (2022). Combined effect of curiosity, creativity, and motivation on academic performance of senior high school students. Journal of Gifted Education and Creativity, 9(3), 261–272.

Mahama, I., Yusuf Dramanu, B., & Asamoah-Gyimah, K. (2023). Predictive Abilities of Curiosity, Creativity, and Motivation on Academic Performance of High School Students in Ghana. Education Research International, 2023, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4626945

Oliveira, A. W., & Lathrop, R. (2022). Toward a Curiosity Mindset: Reframing the Problem of Student Disengagement from Classroom Instruction. The European Educational Researcher, 313–317. https://doi.org/10.31757/euer.535

Poli, F., O’Reilly, J. X., Mars, R. B., & Hunnius, S. (2024). Curiosity and the dynamics of optimal exploration. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 28(5), 441–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.001

Pulido-Martos, M., Cortés-Denia, D., de la Rosa-Blanca, J. J., & Lopez-Zafra, E. (2020). The Shirom-Melamed Vigor Measure for Students: Factorial Analysis and Construct Validity in Spanish Undergraduate University Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 9590. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249590

Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069

Schober, P., & Schwarte, L. A. (2018). Correlation coefficients: Appropriate use and interpretation. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 126(5), 1763–1768. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000002864

Schutte, N. S., & Malouff, J. M. (2022). A meta-analytic investigation of the impact of curiosity-enhancing interventions. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03107-w

Scott-Barrett, J., Johnston, S.-K., Denton-Calabrese, T., McGrane, J. A., & Hopfenbeck, T. N. (2023). Nurturing curiosity and creativity in primary school classrooms. Teaching and Teacher Education, 135, 104356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104356

Shah, P. E., Hirsh-Pasek, K., Spinelli, M., Ozor, J., Weeks, H. M., McCaffery, H., & Kaciroti, N. (2023). Ecological contexts associated with early childhood curiosity: Neighborhood safety, home and parenting quality, and socioeconomic status. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.986221

Singh, A., & Manjaly, J. A. (2022). Using Curiosity to Improve Learning Outcomes in Schools. SAGE Open, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211069392

Spitzer, M. W. H., Janz, J., Nie, M., & Kiesel, A. (2023). On the interplay of curiosity, confidence, and importance in knowing information. Psychological Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-023-01841-9

Tang, X., Renninger, K. A., Hidi, S. E., Murayama, K., Lavonen, J., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2022). The differences and similarities between curiosity and interest: Meta-analysis and network analyses. Learning and Instruction, 80, 101628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2022.101628

Teuber, Z., Nussbeck, F. W., & Wild, E. (2021). The Bright Side of Grit in Burnout-Prevention: Exploring Grit in the Context of Demands-Resources Model among Chinese High School Students. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 52(3), 464–476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-01031-3

Upadyaya, K., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2017). Developmental dynamics between young adults’ life satisfaction and engagement with studies and work. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, 8(1), 20–34. https://doi.org/10.14301/llcs.v8i1.398

Vaisarova, J., Saguid, L., Kupfer, A. S., Goldbaum, H. S., & Lucca, K. (2024). Exploring the creativity-curiosity link in early childhood. Journal of Creativity, 34(3), 100090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjoc.2024.100090

von Stumm, S., Hell, B., & Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2011). The Hungry Mind. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(6), 574–588. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691611421204

Whitecross, W. M., & Smithson, M. (2023). Curiously different: Interest-curiosity and deprivation-curiosity may have distinct benefits and drawbacks. Personality and Individual Differences, 213, 112310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2023.112310

Widlund, A., Tuominen, H., & Korhonen, J. (2021). Development of school engagement and burnout across lower and upper secondary education: Trajectory profiles and educational outcomes. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 66(July), 101997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2021.101997

Wilson, T. D. (2024). Curiosity and information-seeking behaviour: a review of psychological research and a comparison with the information science literature. Journal of Documentation, 80(7), 43–59. https://doi.org/10.1108/JD-09-2023-0173