Evaluación de diferentes geles y papetas para retirar químicamente graffiti de una caliza Lioz (Lisboa, Portugal)
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En las últimas décadas, las pinturas grafiti se han convertido en una verdadera manifestación artística bajo la etiqueta de «Street Art». Sin embargo, todavía hay muchos casos en los que su aplicación se lleva a cabo con fines vandálicos. Si consideramos los edificios históricos, estos actos provocan una alteración estética y ponen en riesgo la conservación a largo plazo de la piedra empleada en la construcción. Por lo tanto, se considera necesaria su eliminación. Para ello, hay que tener en cuenta múltiples factores como son las propiedades del propio sustrato pétreo, la composición de la pintura y el método de limpieza seleccionado, ya que todos ellos determinarán la eficacia en su eliminación.
Para ello, se ha realizado un estudio basado en la eliminación de pintura grafiti aplicada sobre una piedra caliza Lioz. Se trata de una piedra muy utilizada en el patrimonio arquitectónico de Lisboa (Portugal). En el presente artículo se evaluó la eficacia en la eliminación de dos tipos de pinturas tipo spray (plateada y negra), comúnmente utilizadas en este tipo de vandalismo. Se compararon diferentes geles y papetas comerciales empleados tradicionalmente en la conservación del patrimonio como agentes de limpieza. El objetivo final fue el de evaluar su eficacia en términos de eliminación de grafiti, dejando la mínima cantidad de residuos procedentes de los agentes limpiadores sobre la superficie de la piedra. Independientemente de la pintura, el mayor nivel de limpieza se consiguió con geles, principalmente con Nevek®. Sin embargo, es necesario seguir investigando para evitar restos de los vehículos de limpieza y contaminación química.
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