El efecto del entrenamiento del tiempo de reacción mediante software de estímulos visuales en el rendimiento de jugadores de tenis de mesa de élite
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https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2026.12.1.12555Resumen
El tenis de mesa es un deporte de gran velocidad que exige un procesamiento visual rápido y decisiones instantáneas. En este marco, el tiempo de reacción —tanto simple como de elección resulta crucial para el rendimiento de élite. Sin embargo, los entrenamientos convencionales suelen centrarse en lo físico y técnico, descuidando los aspectos cognitivos.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar el efecto del entrenamiento del tiempo de reacción mediante un software de estímulos visuales en jugadores de tenis de mesa de élite. Se aplicó un diseño cuasi-experimental con grupo de control y evaluaciones pretest y postest. Veinte atletas de alto nivel, de entre 17 y 25 años, fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos. El experimental recibió entrenamiento con el software tres veces por semana durante ocho semanas, mientras que el grupo de control continuó con su preparación estándar.
Los resultados posteriores mostraron mejoras notables en el grupo experimental: el tiempo de reacción simple disminuyó en 75,6 ms y el de elección en 88,6 ms. Además, la consistencia en los peloteos aumentó en 14,8 golpes y la precisión en los smashes en 7,2 puntos. El análisis estadístico reveló diferencias muy significativas (p < 0,001) con grandes tamaños de efecto (d de Cohen > 2,5). Estos hallazgos evidencian que el uso de software de estímulos visuales fortalece la integración perceptivo-motora y debe considerarse esencial en programas modernos de preparación deportiva.
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