Del agotamiento al equilibrio: estrategias de bienestar para estudiantes deportistas universitarios
Barra lateral del artículo
Contenido principal del artículo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2026.12.1.12353Resumen
Este estudio investigó el nivel de agotamiento y las estrategias de recuperación practicadas por los estudiantes-atletas universitarios de la Universidad Estatal de Batangas – La Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Específicamente, se evaluó el agotamiento en cinco dimensiones clave: agotamiento emocional, disminución del sentido de logro, desvalorización del deporte, fatiga física y desconexión mental. Se utilizó un diseño de investigación descriptivo-exploratorio, mediante un cuestionario validado elaborado por los investigadores, compuesto por ítems tipo Likert y preguntas abiertas. Un total de 105 estudiantes-atletas de siete deportes colectivos fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo intencional. Los datos cuantitativos se analizaron mediante estadísticas descriptivas, mientras que los datos cualitativos se interpretaron mediante análisis temático. Los resultados revelaron un alto nivel general de agotamiento entre los participantes, siendo la fatiga física y el agotamiento emocional los síntomas más destacados. Si bien la mayoría de los atletas manifestó recurrir a estrategias básicas de recuperación como el descanso, el sueño y la interacción social, pocos utilizaron métodos estructurados de recuperación psicológica como la atención plena, el asesoramiento o el entrenamiento mental. Según sus respuestas, los estudiantes-atletas abogaron firmemente por intervenciones institucionales de bienestar, que incluyan programas estructurados de recuperación, talleres de manejo del estrés y acceso a servicios de psicología deportiva. Estos hallazgos enfatizan la necesidad de estrategias de bienestar centradas en el atleta y basadas en evidencia, que aborden de manera integral las demandas físicas y mentales que enfrentan los estudiantes-atletas universitarios. Al responder a sus experiencias vividas y necesidades expresadas, las instituciones pueden promover un rendimiento sostenido, resiliencia psicológica y bienestar general en el deporte universitario.
Palabras clave:
Detalles del artículo
Referencias
Acar, G. (2023). Spor Yöneticiliğinin Evrimi: Yönetim Bilimleri Yaklaşımıyla, Eğilimler ve Gelecek Vizyonu. https://doi.org/10.46463/ijrss.1378131
Batucan, H.J., Panganiban, T.D., Salaguste, K.M.C., Gabunilas, J.M.C., Manimtim, R.M., Cumal, J.I.V., … Lobo, J. (2025). The crucial role of perceived control in adolescent athletes’ success: A commitment study in the Philippines. Sportis. Scientific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education and Psychomotricity , 11 (2), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2025.11.2.11656
Batucan, H.J.S.; Panganiban, T.D.; Rojales, F.H.; Hanief, Y.N.; Gabunilas, J.M.C.M.; Dela Cruz, L.A.; Prevandos, F.G.; Bernales, J.J.C.; Punzalan, K.D.; Atienza, J.B.; Tanglao, R.S.; Lalog, R.C.N. (2025). Mediating role of sports emotions in implicit beliefs and mental toughness among athletes. Sportis Sci J, 11 (3), 1-22 https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2025.11.3.11863
Brown, B. J., Aller, T. B., Lyons, L. K., Jensen, J. F., & Hodgson, J. L. (2021). NCAA Student-Athlete Mental Health and Wellness: A Biopsychosocial Examination. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/19496591.2021.1902820
Cachola-Miñas, G.; Gabunilas, J.M.C.M.; Panganiban, T.D.; Lobo, J. (2025). Enhancing sports rehabilitation for athletes: Addressing gaps in current practices to improve recovery outcomes. Sportis Sci J, 11 (3), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2025.11.3.11643
Chan, B., & Lee, B. (2024). “Football Did Not Make Me a World Champion, but It Did Help My Wellbeing”: A Qualitative Study of Study-sport Balance Based on Fung Ka Ki. Studia Sportiva. https://doi.org/10.5817/sts2023-2-6
Clemente, F. M., & Tchounwou, P. B. (2022). Stress and Training Load Effects on Recovery, Well-Being and Sports Performance. https://doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-0365-3322-3
Crocker, B., & Duncan, L. R. (2020). A qualitative exploration of collegiate student-athlete’s constructions of health. Journal of Intercollegiate Sport, 13(1), 24–27. https://doi.org/10.17161/JIS.V13I1.11731
DeFreese, J. D., & Smith, A. L. (2021). A Person-Centered Exploration of Athlete Burnout Across a Competitive Season. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 15(2), 89–104. https://doi.org/10.1123/JCSP.2019-0084
Fahrner, M., & Burk, V. (2023). Relevance of university dual career support services – student–athletes’ perspectives. Managing Sport and Leisure, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2023.2191614
Gerber, M., Bianchi, R., Madigan, D., Jonsdottir, I. H., Claussen, M., & Gustafsson, H. (2024). Burnout and overtraining in elite athletes: Unresolved issues and avenues for future research. Sports Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1024/2674-0052/a000073
Glandorf, H. L., Madigan, D. J., Kavanagh, O., & Mallinson-Howard, S. H. (2023). Mental and physical health outcomes of burnout in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984x.2023.2225187
Grzelak, A., & Langner, S. (2024). Overtraining and Burnout: The Hidden Toll of Professional Sports on Athlete Health. Quality in Sport, 25, 56740. https://doi.org/10.12775/qs.2024.25.56740
Han, Z. (2024). From Physiology to Psychology: A Multidimensional Analysis of Recovery Strategies for Young Athletes. Theoretical and Natural Science, 67(1), 64–69. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2024.18075
Harris, B. R., & Maher, B. M. (2022). Student-Athlete Mental Health, Help-Seeking, and Service Utilization: Implications for a Multi-Tiered, Public Health Approach on College Campuses. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/87568225.2022.2109548
Herbert, C. (2022). Enhancing Mental Health, Well-Being and Active Lifestyles of University Students by Means of Physical Activity and Exercise Research Programs. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.849093
Linnér, L., Stambulova, N., & Ziegert, K. (2021). Maintaining dual career balance: A scenario perspective on Swedish university student-athletes’ experiences and coping. 3, 47–55. https://doi.org/10.7146/SJSEP.V3I.125734
Liu, Y. (2024). Exploring The Nexus: Examining the Relationship between Academic Support and the Well-Being of Student-Athletes. Journal of Education and Educational Research, 7(2), 123–134. https://doi.org/10.54097/pr37he62
Loi, N. M., & Pryce, N. (2022). The Role of Mindful Self-Care in the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Burnout in University Students. The Journal of Psychology, 156(4), 295–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2022.2045887
Madigan, D. J., Olsson, L., Hill, A. P., & Curran, T. (2022). Athlete Burnout Symptoms Are Increasing: A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis of Average Levels From 1997 to 2019. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 44(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2020-0291
Mihajlovic, M., Cabarkapa, D., Cabarkapa, D., Philipp, N. M., & Fry, A. (2023). Recovery Methods in Basketball: A Systematic Review. Sports, 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports11110230
Moore, L. J., Isoard‐Gautheur, S., & Gustafsson, H. (2024). Psychophysiological markers of athlete burnout: a call to arms. International Journal of Sports Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2433-3930
Murray, R. M., Hartley, C., & Coffee, P. (2023). Only my group will do: Evidence that social support protects athletes from burnout when they identify with those who provide it. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 69, 102508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102508
Orlanes, A. A., Fernandez, A. M., Panganiban, J. A. E., & Panganiban, T. D. C. (2024). Mental Toughness and Adaptability in Game Matches Towards Resiliency of Sepaktakraw Athletes. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 3(2), 155-168. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v3i2.372
Panganıban, T. (2024). SPIKES: Skills and Performance Inventory as Kinesiological Assessment for Empowerment of Sepaktakraw Athletes. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 7(4), 765-774. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1458988
Panganiban, T. D., San Miguel, M. H., Mendoza, D. M., Santos, J. E., Aguirre, F. V., & Lobo, J. (2025). Emotional tolls of physical education teacher education students (PETE) toward physical education: An extensive analysis. Journal of Physical Education , 36(1), e-3603. https://doi.org/10.4025/jphyseduc.v36i1.3603
Panganiban, T.D.; Camarador, R.A; Tagare Jr, R.L; Lobo, L.; Sinag, D.J.;Quibral, J.P.; Longakit, J.C.; Gula, L.P.;Santos, J.E; San Miguel, M.H.; Mendoza, D.;Payumo, A.S.(2025).Interweaving perceived instructors’ emotional support and students’ academic resilience in the physical education context through the lens of mindset and attachment theories. Sportis Sci J, 11(1), 1-20 https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2025.11.1.11202
Panganiban, T.D.C.(2025). Thermal Stress and Athletic Performance: Lived Experiences of Student-Athletes in a TropicalClimate.Sportis Sci J, 11 (3), 1-24 https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2025.11.3.11544
Pawsey, F., Wong, J. H. K., Kenttä, G., & Näswall, K. (2021). Daily Mindfulness Is Associated With Recovery Processes Among Coaches—A 4-Week Diary Study. International Sport Coaching Journal, 8(3), 371–381. https://doi.org/10.1123/ISCJ.2020-0045
Pennington, C. G., & Castor, D. (2022). Student-Athlete Burnout: A Division I Women’s Soccer Coach’s Perspective. Universal Journal of Sport Sciences, 2(1), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.31586/ujss.2022.383
Pires, D., Isoard-Gautheur, S., Madigan, D., Smith, A. L., & Gustafsson, H. (2024). Five unsolved issues concerning burnout in athletes: An expert perspective. Sports Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1024/2674-0052/a000074
Raedeke, T. D., & Smith, A. L. (2001). Development and preliminary validation of an athlete burnout measure. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 23(4), 281–306. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.23.4.281
Räihä, K., Katajavuori, N., Vehkalahti, K., & Asikainen, H. (2024). Effects of Study-Integrated Well-Being Course Intervention for Different Burnout and Engagement Profiles of University Students. Frontline Learning Research, 12(3), 45–68. https://doi.org/10.14786/flr.v12i3.1415
Ruíz Barquín, R., García-Naveira, A., & Núñez Prats, A. (2024). Descripción de los niveles de Burnout en una muestra de jóvenes deportistas y su relación con la percepción y preferencias de liderazgo (Description of Burnout levels in a sample of young athletes and its relationship with leadership perception and preferences). Retos: Nuevas Tendencias En Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, 61, 832–852. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.104784
Sasso, P. A., Price-Williams, S., & McCarthy, B. (2022). In My Feelings: Division I Student-Athlete Seeking Mental Health Support. The College Student Affairs Journal, 40(1), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.1353/csj.2022.0009
Simons, E. E., & Bird, M. D. (2022). Coach-athlete relationship, social support, and sport-related psychological well-being in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes. Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/19357397.2022.2060703
Smith, R. E. (2021). Athletic Stress and Burnout: Conceptual Models and Intervention Strategies (pp. 183–201). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315781594-15
Trifković, N. (2022). Burnout syndrome in athletes. Sport - Nauka i Praksa, 12(2), 89–94. https://doi.org/10.5937/snp12-2-41801
Woods, S., Dunne, S., Gallagher, P., & McNicholl, A. (2022). A systematic review of the factors associated with athlete burnout in team sports. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984x.2022.2148225
Ye, Z., Peng, Y., Zhang, T., & Huang, X.-T. (2024). The effects of coaching leadership behaviors on psychological burnout in high-level athletes: chain mediation of mental toughness and fear of failur