Cartografía de la organización de las trabajadoras domésticas a nivel mundial
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Las trabajadoras domésticas se enfrentan a numerosos problemas para poder organizarse, como la descentralización de la población activa o la naturaleza de su relación laboral. Este artículo analiza, a partir de la comparación de varios países, cómo se organizan las trabajadoras del hogar pese a estas limitaciones. Identificamos tres formas organizativas: el modelo sindical y el modelo asociativo (Shireen Ally). Proponemos un tercer modelo, el “tipo híbrido”, en el que las trabajadoras domésticas se organizan “entre ellas” en asociaciones y, al mismo tiempo, estas asociaciones están vinculadas o integradas en sindicatos, lo que les proporciona representación, servicios y contacto con otros/as trabajadores/as. En relación con este hallazgo, observamos también una tendencia hacia un “sindicalismo emergente”; esto es, encontramos formas organizativas más relacionadas con los sindicatos que hace una década. Un factor explicativo reside en la “lucha por la gobernanza” tras la victoria del Congreso de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo en 2011 sobre “Trabajo Decente para las Trabajadoras Domésticas”, que condujo a una mayor colaboración y confianza entre las trabajadoras del hogar organizadas y los sindicatos.
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